Classification and Branches of Geography

Classification and Branches of Geography

In broad outline, geographical science can be classified into two parts as follows:

1. Physical Geography

Physical geography is a branch of geography that studies physical phenomena on earth’s surface. Inspection field of physical geography is natural phenomena of earth’s surface that becomes human living environment.

The study of physical geography is supported by several sciences below:
a. Geology => a science that studies structure, composition, history and development process of the earth.
b. Pedology => a science that studies the kinds and formation process of soil.
c. Astronomy => a science that studies celestial bodies.
d. Oceanology => a science that studies about physical and chemical properties of sea water.
e. Climatology => a science that studies about climate.
f. Meteorlogy => a science that studies about weather.
g. Volcanology => a science that studies about volcanoes.
h. Seismology => a science that studies about earthquake.
i. Geophysics => a science that studies the properties of the inner port of the earth with physical method, such as measuring earthquake, gravitation, and magnetic field.
j. Biogeography => a science that studies spreading of living organisme geographically on earth’s surface.


2. Social Geography

Social geography is a branch of geography that covers population aspects and human activities that consist of economic, politics, social, and cultural activities.

Branches of social geography are as follows:
a. Human geography => a branch of geography that studies social economy, and culture of population.
b. Anthropogeography => a branch of geography that studies the spreading of races on earth, seen from geographical point of view.
c. Polytical geography => a branch of geography that studies geographical conditions seen specifically.
d. Regional geography => a branch of geography that studies a certain fegion specifically.
e. Population geography => a branch of geography that studies the numver, spreading, and composition of population.
f. Economic geography => a branch of geography that studies economic activities of population in a certain region.
g. Rural geography => a branch of geography that studies the condition of rural areas, including the society, from geographical point of vies.
h. Urban geography => a branch of geography that studies about urban regions, including the society, from geographical point of view.