Development of Geography
Geography is the science that studies similarity and difference of geospheric phenomena with environmental and regional point of view in spatial context. Basically, scope of geography encompasses all phenomena that happen on earth’s surface some variations and spatial organizations. Therefore, geography can obtain data and facts anywhere and anytime.
Geography was first proposed by Eratosthenes in his writing titled Geografika. Geography in the beginning meant about earth’s surface, that involved sea, weather, flora, fauna, soil and humans. What was called earth in that era was earth’s surface that had limited area. Slowly, men realized that what was know about earth’s surface was obviously limited. Facts in everyday life produced unsatisfactory feeling about what had been learned.
In that time, norms of religion were still strong in scientific analysis. In the next stage, geographical knowledge was developed by Copernicus. He argued that earth was not the center of revolution of celestial bodies, but the sun is center of revolution of celestial bodies. This theory was called Heliocentric theory.
In the middle age, Bernadus Veranus divided geography into two parts as below:
1. Generalist Geography => It’s analysis encompassed phenomena of: lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and shape of earth’s surface.
2. Specialist Geography => It’s analysis encompassed demographic and social problems.
In the beginning of 2nd century, a figure in geography named Claudius Ptolemaeus emerged, he defined geography as an explanation of some or all of earth’s surface through the map. The most valuable contribution from Claudius Ptolemaeus to geographical science was his effort to make a map known as Ptolemaeus’s map.
In the next stage, two points of view in geography developed, that is as follows:
1. Fisis Determinis => According to fisis determinis point of view, living organisms are influenced by natural law. Figures that followed this point of view were Ratzel, Huntington, and Karl Richter.
2. Posibilis => According to posibilis point of view, humans besides being influenced by nature, also had role in nature according to the development of his culture. This point of view was pioneered by Paul Vidal de La Blanche.
Geography is the science that studies similarity and difference of geospheric phenomena with environmental and regional point of view in spatial context. Basically, scope of geography encompasses all phenomena that happen on earth’s surface some variations and spatial organizations. Therefore, geography can obtain data and facts anywhere and anytime.
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| Eratosthenes |
In that time, norms of religion were still strong in scientific analysis. In the next stage, geographical knowledge was developed by Copernicus. He argued that earth was not the center of revolution of celestial bodies, but the sun is center of revolution of celestial bodies. This theory was called Heliocentric theory.
In the middle age, Bernadus Veranus divided geography into two parts as below:
1. Generalist Geography => It’s analysis encompassed phenomena of: lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and shape of earth’s surface.
2. Specialist Geography => It’s analysis encompassed demographic and social problems.
In the beginning of 2nd century, a figure in geography named Claudius Ptolemaeus emerged, he defined geography as an explanation of some or all of earth’s surface through the map. The most valuable contribution from Claudius Ptolemaeus to geographical science was his effort to make a map known as Ptolemaeus’s map.
In the next stage, two points of view in geography developed, that is as follows:
1. Fisis Determinis => According to fisis determinis point of view, living organisms are influenced by natural law. Figures that followed this point of view were Ratzel, Huntington, and Karl Richter.
2. Posibilis => According to posibilis point of view, humans besides being influenced by nature, also had role in nature according to the development of his culture. This point of view was pioneered by Paul Vidal de La Blanche.
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